Life of Pi Analysis Essay

Having just experienced the sinking of his family’s ship, and being put onto a life boat with only a hyena, Pi felt completely lost and alone. Then he met a familiar face from his family’s zoo, Pi saw the Bengal Tiger named Richard Parker onboard. His first reaction was to save the life of Richard Parker so that he may have a companion, and a protector aboard the lifeboat. Suddenly Pi realizes just what he is doing. He is saving the life of Richard Parker, by welcoming him, a 450 pound Bengal tiger, onto the small lifeboat. He experiences a change of heart when helping the tiger onto the boat. Pi realizes that he is now posing a threat on his own life. With Richard Parker on the boat, Pi is faced with not only the fight to survive stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, but the fight to survive living with a meat eating tiger. The change of heart that Pi experiences might possibly mean that he is an impulsive thinker. It may mean that he often does something on impulse without thinking it through, and then later regrets his actions. Though he was having bad experiences onboard, Pi maintains his religious beliefs while on the life boat through his daily prayers. He takes time aside each day to say the prayers that he always would say. In one instance, he turns where he believes Mecca is located, and prays his traditional prayers towards Mecca. Pi also often states that he will include specific animals in his prayers, such as the zebra aboard his lifeboat, and the first fish that he ever killed. With Pi keeping his ritual prayers going, it helped him to survive. He made comparisons between that of Orange Juice, the orangutan, and the Virgin Mary, and would also often bring up Jesus on the cross. Truly, Pi’s religious faith remained strong throughout his journey on the Pacific Ocean.

Question: Discounted Cash Flow

Exam 2 Part 2 Answer any EIGHT of the ten questions. Each question is worth 5 points. Return your answers to me by 11:59 PM Sunday 11 November 2012 1. A number of publicly traded firms pay no dividends yet investors are willing to buy shares in these firms. How is this possible? Does this violate our basic principle of stock valuation? Explain. Our basic principle of stock valuation is that the value of a share of stock is simply equal to the present value of all of the expected dividends on the stock.According to the dividend growth model, an asset that has no expected cash flows has a value of zero, so if investors are willing to purchase shares of stock in firms that pay no dividends, they evidently expect that the firms will begin paying dividends at some point in the future. 2. Explain why some bond investors are subject to liquidity risk, default risk, and/or taxability risk. How does each of these risks affect the yield of a bond? Liquidity problems exist in thinly traded bond s making some bonds difficult to sell at their actual value. Default risk is the likelihood the corporation will default on its bond obligations.Taxability risk reflects the fact that some bonds are taxed disadvantageously compared to others. If any of these risks exist, investors will require compensation by demanding a high yield. 3. The discussion of asset pricing in the text suggests that an investor will be indifferent between two bonds which have equal yields to maturity as long as they have equivalent default risk. Can you think of any real-world factors which might make a given investor prefer one of these bonds over the other? 4. Why do corporations issue 100-year bonds, knowing that interest rate risk is highest for very long-term bonds?How does the interest rate risk affect the issuer? Treasury bonds make great safe, long-term investments, but is there any point in Why would the Fed consider issuing a bond with a 100-year maturation, are backed by the U. S. Government and typically have a very slim risk of default. 5. The market value of an investment project should be viewed as the sum of the standard NPV and the value of managerial options. Explain three different real or managerial options that management may have, what they are, and how they would influence market value. 6. Explain the use of real and nominal discount rates in discounting cash flows.Which is used more often and why? Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis is a method of valuing a project, company, or asset using the concepts of the time value of money. All future cash flows are estimated and discounted to give their present values (PVs) — the sum of all future cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is the net present value (NPV), which is taken as the value or price of the cash flows in question. Using DCF analysis to compute the NPV takes as input cash flows and a discount rate and gives as output a price; the opposite process — taking cash flows and a price and infe rring a discount rate, is called the yield.Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance, real estate development, and corporate financial management. 7. Consider two firms with the same P/E ratio. Explain how one could be described as expensive compared to the other. 8. Explain how important a firm's growth is by creating an example of a growth and no-growth stock. 9. Everything held constant, would you rather depreciate a project with straight-line depreciation or with MACRS? 10. A local bank is contemplating opening a new branch bank in a large superstore across town from their main office.It is estimated that the new branch will generate $20,000 after expenses each month. The manager wonders if all these revenues should be considered an incremental cash flow. Given this information, explain which of the following statements is correct. A. $20,000 is generated by the new branch bank and therefore it is an incremental cash flow. B. We would first need to asses s the opportunity cost of placing a branch in a different location to answer this question. C. Some amount less than the $20,000 is incremental because of substitutionary effects. D. Some amount less than the $20,000 is incremental because of complementary effects.

Brief Guide on conducting projects involving Hazardous Materials

The faculty of projects involving dangerous biological materials (including recombinant DNA), radioactive materials or hazardous chemical waste must be approved beforehand and comply with all relevant government regulations. SIUC 's Environmental Health and Safety Center (453 - 7180) oversees the following approval committees and supervises compliance. In-house biosafety committee and biosafety officer of Biosafety SIUC are responsible for ensuring that faculty members engaged in dangerous biomaterial research comply with recently published federal and state research standards. Hazardous Substance Management 13. Harmful substances may be used as raw materials or produced by projects. In case unavoidable, the customer avoids or minimizes release of dangerous goods. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate the production, transportation, handling, storage and use of hazardous materials for project activities. If hazardous substances are intended to be used for manufacturing processes or other tasks, the customer considers a less dangerous alternative. Customers avoid manufacturing, trading and using chemical substances and hazardous materials prohibited by international ban or law. Toxicological effects of hazardous substances may be local or systemic. Local injuries include parts of the body that come into contact with dangerous substances and are usually caused by reactive or corrosive chemicals such as strong acids, bases, oxidants, etc. Systemic lesions include tissues or organs that are unrelated to or removed from the contact site when the toxin is transported through the bloodstream. Certain hazardous substances may affect target organs. Physical effects of substances also depend on acute or chronic toxicity. Acute toxicity can occur with a single brief exposure, but this is usually very rapid and usually reversible. Long-term repeated exposure can cause chronic toxicity. The effect is usually lagging progressive and may be irreversible Annex C Hazardous Materials HAZMAT In consideration of the technical nature of the threat, NRT-1 of the National Response Team, Dangerous Goods Emergency Planning Guidelines and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Hazard Analysis Technology Guidelines to Address the HAZMAT Plan's Needs It must be used as a main source of information. Other useful guidelines include the Department of Transportation (DOT), the co-issued chemical analysis procedure manual of EPA and FEMA, and the planning part of the DOT agreement and coordinated FEMA's public sector hazardous material training guidelines. . The planning team should use the guide and this annex to complete the hazard analysis and to identify the unique planning requirements to be addressed at the EOP. Hazardous substance hazard work definition

Description of implementation and its issues Essay

Description of implementation and its issues - Essay Example Expert review is a way of testing usability, by bringing experienced experts who specialize in usability testing on board, in order to evaluate the usability of an interface.When one or more human factors experts are involved in evaluation of an interface, this is referred to as Heuristic evaluation of usability Audit. The experts who are included in the evaluation are charged with the responsibility of measuring the usability, effectiveness and efficiency of the interface founded on Jakob Nielsen definition (Heuristic Evaluation par 1). Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics, which have persistently developed in reply to new devices and user research, include consistency and standards; visibility of system status; error prevention; flexibility and efficiency of use; recognition rather than recall; help and documentation; user control and freedom, aesthetic and minimalist design; help users recognize, recover and diagnose from errors; and match between system and the real world. User- based evaluations User-based evaluation methods involve identification of representative tasks, representative users, and designing of a procedure for identifying the problems that users face while attempting to use a certain software product in their undertakings. During the development, testing, design stage of software development, the two types of users’ evaluations that are performed include formative evaluations (used to gather information for design) and summative evaluations (used to document efficiency, effectiveness, and user satisfaction of a product). Model-based evaluations A replica of the human information processor has been designed founded on information drawn from psychology research regarding human’s memory, perception and cognition system. This model has integrated capabilities of long-term and short-term memory, together with capabilities of human audio and visual processing. Also included are times for cognition motor processing and processing. Th is model allows interactions of human- computer researchers in order to evaluate user interfaces on the basis of the model’s performance. Tools for evaluating information systems Questionnaires For a long time, questionnaires have been used to evaluate user interfaces (Root and Draper 87). They can be used in paper form or electronically (for example surveymonkey.com). Different questions are designed to specifically evaluate components of reliability, validity, and usability of the User Interface (Tullis and Albert 317). Currently, there are multiples of online survey services that can be used for this purpose, including survey monkey, KeySurvey, WebSurveyor, QuestionPro, and Free Online Surveys. I will do further research to identify the best survey services to use. Choice of questionnaires is mainly motivated by their ease of grasping of many people and the power of showing many audiences. Checklist Although many checklists are designed for assessment of hardware, they can also be used for software assessment. The checklist that will be used in evaluation of user interface will be based on a simple concept. Each design principle will be featured as an individual entry in the list. To indicate weighing of importance, a space will be indicated after each entry, followed by a space to indicate approximation of compliance. The last space will include notes on whether remarks have been made to allude to definite design deficiencies or any other related information. The evaluation of checklist will be based on evaluation of User Systems Interface. There are six general functional areas of USI design that will be covered including data entry, design, data display, user guidance, sequence control, data transmission, and data protection. Report III: Final description of system issues and solutions Why is it important to understand who are the stakeholders and their interaction with the user interface? Understanding

Marketing Plan for Oak Creek Soccer Tournament Term Paper

Marketing Plan for Oak Creek Soccer Tournament - Term Paper Example The revenues generated from the tournament will be used for the promotion of this sport across the region to build better and competitive soccer teams. The entire marketing plans focuses on two primary objectives, first is how to give the maximum coverage to the entire event and secondly how to get the maximum possible responses from those inputs while providing exemplary social advocacy and entertainment to the people. Market Place Analysis for Oak Creek Soccer Tournament Young Soccer Club, which is working in collaboration with McLean Youth Soccer and Oak Creek Soccer Club was able to acquire plenty of information about the current situation of availability of the Soccer sport in Oak Creek Southeastern Milwaukee County. In the previous almost every sports event that has taken place in the Oak Creek was able to attract a large number of spectators leading towards success. These types of events have proven to the beneficial for the growth of many sponsor companies in the region and h ave led to the increase of interest of the sports among the people. This clearly shows that the people have the love of sports and need more opportunities to explore other arenas of sports and entertainment. The current sports related community is in the county is already well aware of this sport but due to lack of grass root professionalism and related events of this sport that provide quality and effective management can lead to success. In addition, the unavailability of many wide scale opportunities for Soccer sports but the availability of material resources like the Soccer ground and related equipment makes it a viable opportunity to explore. There are seven college levels teams for Soccer with most of those players have played the game only thrice in the last 6 months at the college level. Four local clubs manage six community teams that play the sport every fortnightly. Most of these community teams are active for over 5 years showing the commitment to the sport. There are t wo college level Soccer teams at the moment and two at the community level that are specifically limited to women, showing the involvement of the women in the sport. Most of the clubs are self-managed with little or no patron-ship from any concern. There have been held two club level Soccer tournaments in the past 5 years due to lack of resources and efficient management but every tournament had massive success and acceptance in Oak Creek Southeastern Milwaukee County. SWOT Analysis for Oak Creek Soccer Tournament The SWOT analysis is based on neutral market research done by the Young Soccer Club and other related Soccer associations including the Oak Creek Soccer Club and Wisconsin Youth Soccer. Strengths A potential growth opportunity for the sponsors A potential growth opportunity for the Soccer related sports businesses Growth of sport and social awareness in the Oak Creek Support from the local community, educational institutes and local clubs Willingness of the local clubs to become potential partners in the association and play a vital role in the success of the event The promise of the Milwaukee government to provide Soccer sport facilities to the educational institutes in the near future Available and maintained soccer ground Weaknesses Weak base of the soccer sport in the community Insufficient support from businesses and local politicians Insufficient promotion of

Sustainable Competitive Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable Competitive Advantage - Essay Example As the paper discusses  the concept of competitive advantage was first brought to the lime light by Porter. He mentioned in his book that competitive advantage can be attained by creating a unique differentiation and by achieving low cost of production. However, this theory has been revised by him and the concept of ‘Sustainable Competitive Advantage’ was introduced. He further mentioned that companies should follow either cost leadership or differentiation, and should not follow the middle path.  This essay stresses that  the resource availability is directly proportional to the organizational success, as high amount of resource can lead higher production volume. As a result, a company with higher amount of resources can easily meet the growing demands of the customers, compared to its rival thereby giving it a competitive advantage.  The resource heterogeneity or resource uniqueness is a major factor that gives firm a unique edge over its rivals. Thus if all th e existing firms possess the same resources, even in abundance, will not create competitive advantage for one firm. Thus competitive advantage cannot be same for all firms.  The uniqueness of a firm’s skills and resources is the primary factor responsible for development of the competitive advantage.  Organizational resources are valuable only when it has high demand in the industry, it is scarce and it is appropriate for the firms’ operational process.

Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Research - Essay Example Since historical times, researchers have performed harmful experiments on fellow human beings, all for their selfish gains, disregarding the established rules, regulations and ethical principles (Eckart, 2006). What is more, these tests have been done illegally, minus the knowledge, consent, or even the informed consent of participants. For instance, study subjects have been injected with deadly or debilitating pathogens, exposed to deadly biological and chemical weapons, toxic and radioactive chemicals, surgical experiments, and mind-changing drugs (Eckart, 2006). Unfortunately, children are the most targeted and affected group in these experiments. This case study on unethical business research features a former gastroenterologist at Londons Royal Free Hospital named Andrew Wakefield. In 1998, Wakefield published in the Medical Journal Lancet, a study in which he linked the triple Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine with autism and bowel disorders in children. In addition to t his publication, Wakefield made public statements that made the public to panic and avoid the vaccine. Later, the study by Wakefield would be discredited and the MMR vaccine declared safe for use. In fact, the UK authorities later discovered that the manner in which the gastroenterologist had conducted his research was unethical (Harrell, 2010). According to the General Medical Council’s ruling, Wakefield had conducted himself not only dishonestly but also irresponsibly with an uncaring disregard for the child-participants. Nonetheless, Wakefield would term the ruling unjust and state that he had no regrets over his findings. The General Medical Council criticized Wakefield for various misconducts including his use of invasive tests such as colonoscopies and spinal taps on the children with utter disregard to the side effects of these methods on the children and his method of obtaining blood samples by bribing the children with $8 during his son’s birthday (Harrell, 2010).

Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tort Law - Essay Example This analysis will take into account the various damages that may be available to the plaintiffs according to the breaches of the Civil Code and tort in Common Law. The analysis of liability will therefore be pursued in a manner that will ensure that people that were harmed by negligence and battery will be justly compensated and the persons who breached the law are punished. Liability The Company Under common law, the company may be liable for battery since the chemicals that were ingested by the townspeople and the children originated from the company. The company is guilty since the elements of battery are present in the case. Offensive contact is proved by the coming into contact of the people and the chemicals through water, which resulted into injury in death. There is a lack of consent on the part of the townspeople on the dumping of the chemicals in the water. Additionally the company does not have the privilege of dumping toxic wastes in the public systems. The case for batt ery however lacks the element of intent since the company has proved that it educated its workers on proper disposal and as such not intended to careless dump of its chemical waste. In Garratt v. Dailey [1955] 2 d 46 [HL]1 the plaintiff brought battery charges against the plaintiff a five year old of pulling the chair she was about to sit on causing her injury. The issue was in question was whether battery charges are improvable since intent of the child is not easily proven. The company is therefore not liable for battery. The company may also be sued on negligence since it is because of its workers actions that the injury to the townspeople and children occurred. The three elements of negligence; duty of care, breach and proof of injury are all present in this instance. Duty of care entails that the company owes it to the community to be careful in the disposal of waste. A breach would entail the non-adherence to such care, which would result to an injury. This exemplified by the case of Talmage v Smith, 101 Mich. 370, 374, 59 N.W. 656 2 in which it was held that liability is proved upon the consideration of a reasonable man’s precautions towards the happening of an injury. The duty of care was breached when the company allowed its chemicals to infect the public water system resulting into injury for the townspeople3. The company did not ensure the proper disposal of chemicals by its staff and as such liable for negligence. Under strict liability, the company may argue that it was not aware that the tanks might leak chemicals into the system. It might also be argued that the company had trained its staff with regard to the handling of such chemicals. Strict liability usually has only one element; liability arises from the happening of an injurious event. Under strict liability there is no need top prove intent such as in battery but simply that injury occurred. Under strict liability doctrine, the company is liable in that even though it took all prec autions, under common law, it is still liable in tort. A good example of this is the case of Cambridge Waster Company v. Eastern Counties Leather [1994] 2 AC 2643 (HL) the rule is that even as people have a right of enjoyment of land, the keeping of anything on the land will result to liability if it escapes from the land4. The UAE Civil Code does not

Evaluation of Job Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of Job Recruitment - Essay Example Looking at the website of Tivoli Lodge, the career information provided on vacancy available in the hotel is adequate for someone who may have an interest. The information include the names of the particular vacancies available, whether it is hourly or hourly, the amount paid per hour, and the job description or what the job requires of the applicant (Tivoli Lodge, 2014). On the other hand, a career information found on the website of Oxford Group Of Hotels is not quite elaborate. It has the name the job position and the specific hotel where the vacancy is available (Oxford Hotel Group, 2014). However, there is no information on either a salary or on the job description or what one is expected to do when offered the job. Information about the required qualification for the job is also not put in this website. The website of Tivoli Lodge at least gives some hint on the corporate culture of this company through describing the job requirement. The corporate culture realized through their way of doing things. Every company does their thing in a unique way, and some of these ways are strengths or weaknesses in these companies, to their performance. Therefore, by Tivoli Lodge, describing what activities a person is required to do for a particular job position, they are trying to make the potential candidates aware of their corporate culture. On the other hand, the website of Oxford Group of Hotels portrays the company as one that does not give the potential much information about corporate culture. The information on career on this website is too brief and does not explain much about the corporate culture. However, the candidates can also learn from this website that, the company is one that does not like sharing certain information meant for itself, with the entire public. Tivoli Lodges website attracts applicants through announcing the specific amount paid for each position, so that, all

Determinism,compatibilism, and libertarianism Essay

Determinism,compatibilism, and libertarianism - Essay Example Since the beginnings of human civilization people have been seeking the ideal path to achieving a productive, successful, healthy, and happy society. There are several different theories conceived and developed aimed at achieving it. Unfortunately, many of these ideas are not remotely in agreement and some downright contradict one another. Each one claiming to have the answer as to the nature of mankind, why human beings behave as they do, and how best for them to live within and perceive society. Determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism are three prime examples of philosophical concepts, each having strong historical support and criticisms. While each ideology has logical arguments supporting its validity they, also, have internal flaws that may lead to negative outcomes; therefore determining which, if any, is the most likely to be the best, or correct, answer to ideal human society and perspective on human reality if no easy feat. What is free will? If so, does it exist? The answer is not as simple as you think. If you define free will as being the idea that reality plays out according to the millions of individual choices and decisions we make based on wants and desires, both, great and small, then the ideology behind Determinism may not be for you. However, if you believe that scientific principles, psychological motivators, and persistent causative events outside ones’ control and force every choice that you make; even the sense of choice is, essentially, a false perception, then you would be a poor libertarian. If you believe that, although many causative events play a part in influencing our decisions and behaviors, but, on occasion those causative elements are absent, allowing for certain choices to be made solely by want and desire beyond needs and if you believe that perhaps both could coexist, then you might fit in nicely in the company of compatibilists. However, do not look for support from the determinists and libertarians, both cons ider the idea of coexistence as illogical, not plausible, and impossible. (Pecorino, 2000) In order to understand, determinism, capatibilism, and libertarianism better, as well as, assess the differing strengths and weaknesses, it is necessary to discuss and review each theory individually. Determinism in its, most basic form, can be defined as a belief system that adheres to the ideology that all things in nature are subject to the cause and effect principal, human behavior included. For this reason human beings are not responsible for their behavior because the actions and behaviors exhibited by people are directly a response to causal or set of causal events, entirely outside their control. More so, determinists believe that all things follow the natural law and that behaviors can, in fact, be predicted, if enough causal variables are known.(Pecorino, 2000) Simply put, determinists look at the world at given period in time and apply the â€Å"natural laws,† or clearly defi ned understanding of what is true, and then relating that to what will inevitably be in the future.(Newall, 2005)There are 4 specific factors that are believed to play a huge role as causative factors in the actions and behaviors of human beings; 1. Human Nature: determinists claim that human beings are subject to the instincts and biological imperatives outside of their conscious control. 2. Environment: human behavior can be attributed to their response to environmental factors that, essentially, forcing their hand. 3. Psychological Forces: Not unlike human nature, psychological drives influence behavior, again, outside one’s control. 4. Social Dynamic: human beings are directly subject to the rules, laws, and societal constructs of their communities, which, also, influences human behavior. Ultimately, the overall reigning element of determinism that characterizes and creates criticism of it is that it holds firmly that human free will is an illusion that we

Food and Eating Essay Example for Free

Food and Eating Essay January 5 7 †¢ Hetherington, Kregg, Chapters 1-4 Cultivating Utopia Week 15 Case study: Growing organic Jan. 12 14. †¢ Hetherington, Kregg, Chapters 5-8 Cultivating Utopia †¢ Exams handed back this week Make up exam on Tuesday January 12, 1-3 pm Week 16Class and consumption Jan. 19 21. †¢ Roseberry, William. 1996. â€Å"The Rise of Yuppie Coffee and the Reimagination of Class in the United States,† American Anthropologist 98 (4). 762-775. (BLS). *Food basket assignment due on Thursday January 21st. Week 17 Gender, food Community Jan. 26 28 †¢ Beardworth, Alan and Teresa Keil, â€Å"Food, family, and community† in Sociology on the Menu, London: Routledge, pp. 73-99. (On reserve) †¢ Allison, Anne, Chapter 15 â€Å"Japanese Mothers and Obentos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in F C Week 18Gender, food the body. February 2 4 †¢ Bordo, Susan, Chapter 12 â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa: Psychopathology as the Crystallization of Culture† in F C †¢ Parasecoli, Fabio, Chapter 13 â€Å"Feeding Hard Bodies: Food and Masculinities in Men’s Fitness Magazines† in F C Week 19Race, ethnicity food. Feb. 9 11 †¢ Williams-Forson, Psyche, Chapter 21, â€Å"More Than Just the ‘Big Piece of Chicken’: The Power of Race, Class and Food in American Consciousness† in F C †¢ Nabhan, Gary Paul, Chapter 23 â€Å"Rooting Out the Causes of Disease: Why Diabetes is So Common Among Desert Dwellers† in F C *Reading response due on Tuesday on either reading Week 20Nationalism food Feb. 16 18 ââ€" ª Penfold, Steve, 2002, â€Å"Eddie Shack Was No Tim Horton†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in Food Nations, ed. W. Belasco and P. Scranton. New York: Routledge. Pp. 48-66. ââ€" ª Wilk, Richard, Chapter 19 â€Å"’Real Belizean Food’† †¦in F C ââ€" ª Study Break February 22-28thWeek 21Foundational approaches March 2 4 †¢ Barthes, Roland, Chapter 2. â€Å"Toward a Psychosociology of Contemporary Food Consumption† in F C †¢ Là ©vi-Strauss, Claude, Chapter 3 â€Å"The Culinary Triangle† in F C. Week 22Foundational approaches March 9 11 †¢ Douglas, Mary, Chapter 4 â€Å"Deciphering a Meal† in F C †¢ Mintz, Sidney, â€Å"Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom† in Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom. Boston: Beacon Press. (On reserve) *Reading Response on either reading due on Tuesday. Week 23Foundational approaches March 16 18 †¢ Harvis, Marvin, Chapter 5 â€Å"The Abominable Pig† in F C †¢ Recommended: Beardsworth, Alan and Teresa Keil, â€Å"The mysterious meanings of meat† In Sociology of the Menu pgs. 193-217. (On reserve). Week 24 Mcdonaldization March 23 25 †¢ Ritzer, George, 2004 â€Å"An introduction to McDonaldization† in The McDonaldization of Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. pgs. 1-23. †¢ Yan, Yunxiang, Chapter 32 â€Å"Of Hamburger and Social Space†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in F C * Reading Response on either reading due on Tuesday. Week 25 Challenging Mcdonaldization March 30 April 1st. †¢ Leitch, Alison, Chapter 24 â€Å"Slow Food and the Politics of Pork†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in F C †¢ Pilcher, Jeffrey, Chapter 25, â€Å"Taco Bell, Maseca, and Slow Food†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in F C. Week 26Challenging Mcdonaldization April 6 8 †¢ Clark, Dylan Chapter 26, â€Å"Punk Foods† in F C Course wrap up this week. *Final exam* will be scheduled during the exam period. Please plan accordingly. Have a great summer!

Us History In Film Essay Example for Free

Us History In Film Essay An engineer called William Kennedy invented a form of celluloid strip containing a sequence of image. It was a way of projecting moving images. At this point a remarkable discovery had been made but where still potentials to be utilized from the little discovery. This was when Thomas Edison made a kinetograph which is regarded as the first moving picture camera. And then a cabinet with consistent loop of a celluloid film was back up with an incandescent lamp and seen through a magnifying lens. All this improvement left one with that there was still potentials that could be utilized. The spectator was close to an eye piece. The kinetoscape palours was supported with fifty foot film snippets photographed by Dickson, in Edison’s â€Å"Black Maria† studio. These continuous sequences recorded events and entertainment acts like music, acrobat, and some fighting sports demonstrating. And soon enough the kinetescope parlors became wide known in European other part. Because Edison felt there was still room for improvement he never attempted to use these instruments on the other side of the Atlautie since he depended on previous experiments and inventions. Some parts of Europe. Thus propelled imitations such as the camera made by British electrician. At about that time Auguste and Luis Lomiere invented the cinematograph which was a portable, three-in-one device camera, printer, and projector. At about that time father Antoine Lumiere began exhibitions of projected films before the paying public, started a generic conversation of a way to projection. They then became Europe producers. At a point Edison disproved the projection but he later joined with the vitascape in less than six mouths. The very first public motion-pictures film presentation in Europe. That belongs to Max and EFmil skladanowsky of Berlun, who projected with an apparatus â€Å"Bioscop’, a flicker free duplex construction. The first public screening of film was made possible by Jean Aine a French photographer. On February, he presented his cinematograph to a group of twenty show business men in New York City. This was how film production began. The movies that time were viewed via temporary storefront spaces and traveling exhibitors or as acts in voudexille programs. At that time films where a minute long and would usually presented a single scene that was made by an experience of everyday life, a sporting or public event. At that time there was no regard for cinematic technique or skillful displays, editing was not done. But beginning of realistically moving photographs was good enough and accepted by the motion picture industry in countries around the world. There was a problem at this time to merge the image with simultaneous sound, but there wasn’t realistic way was invented. But by 1920s after several decades, movies were less mute, but then it was supported by live musicians with sound effects, and with dialogue and narration made and presented with inter-titles. The accepted length of a film remained one reel, it could go for about ten to fifteen, minutes, through the first decade of the century, partly based on producer’s assumptions or speculations about the attention spans their still working audience. In 1911 countries other than Australia began to make feature films. At this time 16 full length feature films had been made in Australia. Europe created series of reel period extravaganzas that were longer with international box office success like Queen Elizabeth (France, 1912) Qoo vadis the feature film began to replace the short as the main cinema. Leading this trend in America was director D. W. Grittith with his historical epics. The birth of a national (1915) and intolerance (1916). The former film was also known as the first to propel widespread racial controversy. The cinemas of Italy and France where the most globally popular. But the United States was already benefiting drastically when world war (1914-1918) caused a disruption and destructive interruption in the Europe film industries. The American industry also known as â€Å"Holy wood† was become globally popular with its geographic base in California, and from that position it began to export its products globally basically virtually all countries of the world and as a result of that if began to control the market in many of them. It became very influential as a result of that and it began to dominate the market as it spanned it great popularity. According to David (1981) pg26†By 1920s the U. S attained a period of the greatest ever output, making an average of 800 feature film annually or 82% of the global total. The comedies of Charlie Chaplin†, the Swash buckling adventures of Douglas fair banks. The American visual standard that would become classical continuity editing was developed and exported to other countries of the world. This development was made along side with the drastic growth and improvement of the studio system and its greatest publicity method which was made by American film for several decades to come as far as models for other movies industry. The studios where made efficient with control over all stages of the product made a new growing level of lavish production and some technical improvements. At this time the commercial regimentation and concentration on glamorous absence daunted brave and expectation beyond the horizon to a certain level. The control of Holly wood entertainment was not strong as it would be and alternatives were still globally seen and reckoned with. By 1915, there was ban termination on imports in France the nascent Hollywood fare propelled the make up of cinematic avant garde. Some film makers started making experiments with optical and pictorial efforts as well as rhythmic editing. The move became known as French impressionist cinema. â€Å"As time went by, Germany became American’s strongest competitor†Allen (1896) pg42. Its unique contribution was the dark, hallucinatory worlds German Expressionism, which increased its power of an unrealistic presentation to put those within states of mind as seen on screen, as well as influenced the horror genre that is gradually coming up. The cinema that was newly born in the Soviet was the most innovative. The make of editing, moved. Forward, going beyond its previous role in improving the strong perfections was made by Eisenstein. The Technique that was regarded as dialectical montage, which tried to make non-linear, often violently dashing images express ideas and propel emotional and intellectual reaction\s in the viewer. An investigation was made by the House up- American Activities committee in the early 1950s, protested by the Hollywood ten before the committee, the hearing ended up in the blacklisting of many actors, directors, writers, with change sky and Dalton Trumbo especially the United Kingdom. The cold war period zeitgeist transformed into near-paranla manifested in themes such as invading armies of evil aliens. During the immediate post-war years the cinematic industry was also threatened by television, and the continuous and drastic popularity of the knowledge meant that some move theatres would bankrupt and close. In 1950. The bettrist avante-gardists caused riots at the cannes film festival, when the Isidore 1800s Treatise on slime and eternity as screened after their criticism of Charlie Chaplin and split with the movement, the ultraletrists continued to disrupt when they revealed their new hyper graphical technique. Distressed by the ever increasing number of closed theatres, studios, and companies would definitely find new ways to bring audience back. These made attempts to life rally expand with new screen formats. As the cinemascope, which has supposed to remain a 20th century fox separated until 1967, was publicized with 19535. The Robe Vista vision, Cinerama, made a bigger is better approach to marketing movies to a falling us audience. This caused a revival of epic films to take advantage of the new big screen formats. Fanatics also came up to attract in audience. The crave for 3-D films was sustained for two years, 1952-1954, was helped sell House of wax and creature from the Black lagoon. Producer William Castle would toot films featuring â€Å"emergeo† â€Å"percepto†, the first of a series of gimmicks that would remain the popular marketing tools for castle and others throughout the 1960s. Hollywood has reflected a post WW2 tendency toward asking the establishment and societal norms questions to films like blackboard jungle (1955). On the waterfront (1984), Paddy Chayetsks Marty and Reginald Roses 12 Angry man (1957) Disney’s sleeping Beauty was released on January 29, 1959 by the Walt Disney company after nearly a decade in production. Television started competing with films projected in theatre, but surprisingly it promoted more movies going rather than curtailing it. By 1960 studios in Hollywood began to dwindle and that was as a result of many films that were being made on particular locations in other countries. While using studio facilities in other countries. Example of facilities used where pinewood in England and Cinecitta in Rome. At this time Hollywood movies attracted family audience and it was made old-fashioned. Because at that time old fashioned films produced the biggest success. There were productions like Mary Poppins (1964) my four ladies (1964) and the sound of music (1965) made the biggest money of the decade. And also there was a drastic growth in independent production companies and producers and this increase also added to the reduction of traditional Hollywood studio production. There was an improvement with regards to awareness of foreign language cinema at that period. By the late 1950s and 1960s the French wave of directors like Francois Triifact and Jean-Huc Godard produced films like les quatre cents coups and joleset Jim which broke the laid down rules on Hollywood cinema’s old structure even audience were becoming cognizance of Italian films like Federice Fellinis la Doke vita and the stark dramas of Sweden’s Ingmar Bergman. While in Britain â€Å"Free cinema† of Lindsay Anderson, Tony Richardson and others lead to group of realistic and inventive dramas including Saturday night and Sunday morning, As kind of loving and this sporting life. The new Hollywood’ and ‘post classical cinema are terms used to describe the era following the reduction of the studio system by 1950 and 1960s and the end of the production code. By the 1970s, film makers drastically depicted explicit sexual content and showed violent bloody images of horrible deaths. The post-classical cinema was used as a term to describe the changing ways of story telling of the â€Å"New Hollywood producers. The new way of drama was made up of played upon audience expectations. In the 1770s, some American film makers sprung as Francis ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg George Locas and Brain de Palma. This coincided with the increasing fame of the auteur theory in film and media that posited those film directors’ films express their personal perspective and innovative insights. The improvement of the auteur style of film production helped to deliver to directors far reaching influence over their critical and commercial successes, like Coppla’s the God father films, Spielberg’s laws and close encounters of the third kind and Goerge Loca’s star wars. It however caused some failures, alongside with peter Bogdnovich. At long last love and Michael’s Ciounos hugely expensive western epic Heaven’s gate, which helped to bring about the demise of it’s backs, united Artists. In early 1990s, witnessed the improvement of a commercially successful independent cinema in the united states, cinema was taken over by special-effects films like the Terminator 2 Judgment Day (1991) and Titanic (1997). Independent films such as Steven Beglis sex, lies, and videotape (1989) and Quentin Tarantinos Reservior Dogs (1992) had remarkable commercial prosperity both at the cinema and on home video. Studios ate mainstream at that time started finance and produce non-mainstream fare. A very successful Independents of 1990s Minamax films was purchased by Disney Atumated films at that time also sprung up to fame along with Disney’s Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and the Lion king. Documentary film also rose up to fame with the success of films such as March of the penguins and Michael More’s Bocoline for columbine and Fahrenheit 9/11. Some thing remarkable happened even as 15o inexpensive DV cameras were distributed across Irag, Turning ordinary people into corporative films makers’ threatres at home became sophisticated as some of the movies was made on DVDs designed to be shown on them. A Biography company sent D. W Griffith 1910 the west coast with his acting troop consisting of actors Blanche sweet, Lillian Gish, Mary Pickforch Lionel Barry more and others. They began filming on an empty lot near Georgia Street in down town Los Angels. The company decided to explore new places and traveled miles to a little village and enjoyed the movie company filming there. This place was called â€Å"Hollywood? Griffith then filmed the first ever movie ever shot in Hollywood called in old California a Biography melodrama which was about Latino-Mexican occupied California in the 1800s. The movie company stayed there for some time and made a number of films before going back to New York. When it heard about the nice place, in 1913 many movie-makers headed west the first feature made in Hollywood, in 1914, was called â€Å"the squaw man†. All the films made in Los Angeles from 1908 to 1913 were short subjects. With this film, the Hollywood movie industry was ‘born’. Through the First World War and it became the movie capital of the world it became a popular figure. By January 22 1947 the first commercial television station west of the Mississippi River began functioning in Hollywood. On December of the same year, the first Hollywood movies production was made for TV, the prosecutor. And by the 1950s, music recording studios started moving to Hollywood even as there opened offices there. Most of the movie Industry remained in Hollywood and also the districts outward appearance changed remarkably. Popular recording companies building on vine street called â€Å"Capitol† north of Hollywood Boolevard was built in 1956. This recording studio was not opened to the public but its distinctive design looks like a stock of 7-inch vinyi records. By 1958 the Hollywood walk of fame was created and the first star was placed in 1960 as a tribute to artists working in the entertainment industry. By 1985 the Hollywood Boolevard commercial and entertainment district was officially listed in the National Register of Historic places protecting valuable buildings and ensuring that the significance of Hollywood past would always be a part of its future. In June 1999, the Hollywood extension of the Los Angeles county metro Rail Red line subway was openly running from downtown Los Angeles to the valley, with stops along Hollywood Boolevard at western Avenue Vine Street and high land Avenue. Even as Motion picture production still takes place in Hollywood district mayor studios are located in the Los Angeles region paramount studios is the only studio that is located within, Hollywood some studios in the district include what was mentioned before. While Hollywood and its opposite neighborhood of Los Feliz served as the initial located of homes of the early television stations in Los Angeles market most of them have now relocated to other places within the same metropolitan area. â€Å"By 2002 some Hollywood citizens started campaigning for the district to take over from Los Angele and become as it has been earlier, in its own incorporated municipality†Woolworths(1990) pg56. People supporting the secession argued that the needs of their community were being neglected by leaders of Los Angeles. In June the same year the Los Angeles county board of supervisors placed secession referendums for both Hollywood and the valley on the ballots for a â€Å"citywide election†. In conclusion, this were the process that the American film also known as Hollywood passed through before becoming what it is today and it really amazing and remarkable that the entertainment industry in American has contributed over 60% of the whole of American revenue which has really affected their economy positively.And the industry is till growing drastic rate. REFERENCES David, A, American history in perspective teckno publishing house, 1981 Peter, S. O. film history. History publish Hoolporths house, London. 1994 Allan. M. S, The entertainment industry in America. Aquatic Pennsville. 1986 William O. The making of a kinetoscope Commendation and publications. Florida. 1991 Woolworths S. O. Entertainment history of the world. Readers house, Mexico. 990 Anothoney Peter, The wild Hollywood. Peuter House, publishing New York 1994 Serenago. M, The film industry. Myles publishing house, UK. Glory, M. Hollywood cinema. History records. Decks ville. Washington Sunday. O. O. The great entertainment move. Mensisiville house. Australia. 1993 Grace- S. O. historic account of the entertainment industry. Peterson house. 1979. Brooks ville. Wilson. D. Rebuilding Hollywood. Washington house 1979 Linda. O. The new Hollywood. New Jersey. 1989. Steven P. how movies are made. Edinburgh 1982 Aba. S. O. Films and modernization. California publishing house 1990

Does Caribbean Poetry Reflect Our Shared History English Literature Essay

Does Caribbean Poetry Reflect Our Shared History English Literature Essay As a collective group, the Caribbean people celebrate an eclectic melding of the differences inherent in our ancestry with an appreciation of the influences wrought upon us by the history of the islands, and our development may be chronicled through an examination of the poetry and poetic styles of the poets who seek to give a voice to the diverse, yet collective identity of the Caribbean throughout our growth. The poetry of the region reflects the distinct composite factors which characterize the evolution of the people and the Caribbean islands: the difference is evident in the persons who composed the poems, the subject matter, form, style, the target audience, and the ideological interests which were served. Initially, in the eighteenth century, at one end of the spectrum there were poets who ascribed to the scribal traditions of the English verse as it had developed by that period. These poets hailed from the white master class and dealt primarily with a glorification of the adventure of colonization in the Caribbean. The target audience was the imperial Motherland England, and by extension the other European nations. The pattern of the poems followed the blank verse, pastoral modes, personification, and a poetic diction consistent with the European poets of the era, such as Milton. The subject matter praised an idealized notion of the natural beauty of the Caribbean islands as in Weekes Barbados (1754): When frequent Rains, and gentle Showrs descend, / To cheer the Earth, and Natures self revive, / A second Paradise appears! the Isle / Thro-out, one beauteous Garden seems; (Burnett [1986], 102). The poems therefore are typified by a grandiose, eloquent style, liberally interspersed wi th classical allusions which celebrated the supposed grandeur of the West Indies. Singleton, in his A General Description of the West Indian Islands (1767), illustrates this feature: There hollow noises, murmuring thro the vault, / Surprize the listning er; whilst from the deeps / The hoarse Cerberean yell dreadful ascends, / Three times full-echod from the distant hills. (106). Juxtaposed with the idyllic Caribbean scenes described, these poets, such as Weekes in Barbados (1754), represent in their works a form of superficial humane concern for the slaves, coupled with an acceptance of slavery as the ultimate lot of the slave: Close watch, ye Drivers! Your work-hating Gang, / And mark their Labours with a careful Eye; / But spare your cruel, and ungenrous Stripes! / They sure are Men, tho Slaves, and colourd Black; (102). The poems celebration of the grandeur of the tropics [italics mine] is really a celebration of the supposed grandeur of British colonialism in the Caribbean. In m ost cases the poems work to uphold the slave-based socio-political system of the West Indian plantation society. (Baugh, 227-228). At the other end of the spectrum, there are the anonymous, simple expressions of the black slaves their folk songs, ballads, chants and work songs which articulate their observations and emotions while enduring the slavery experience. For example, there is the poignant lament: If me want for go in a Ebo, / Me cant go there! / Since dem tief me from a Guinea, / Me cant go there! (3). In a frustrated tone, wracked with displacement and restriction of movement, the poem solemnizes the plea of the slave while voicing the collective strife of the slaves on the islands. Markedly contrasting with the poetry of the scribal tradition, the poetry of the presumably uneducated Negro slave appeared to be fresh, insightful and engaging in its simplicity. The poems celebrated the oral traditions of the Africans and were imbued with a creative potential which was forged from the melding of the English and West African languages. Thus, even though the poems were written primarily in English, there were distinct African qualities (for example, the folksong tradition), which was only enhanced by the combining of the European ballad tradition: Guinea Corn, I long to see you / Guinea Corn, I long to plant you / Guinea Corn, I long to mould you (4). Significant to note is that the poets focus is on the Guinea Corn of hie native homeland, and not on the sugarcane of the plantations which exploited his labour. Topically, the slave would not have thought to romanticize the natural beauty of the islands in which they now lived under such persecution. Rather, focal points of their poems may have been entrenched in the desire to retain their native identities and in finding ways of re-defining their identities in the new context of the Caribbean. While it stands to reason that the dichotomy shown here epitomizes the expected disparity of thought and should, in fact, highlight the distinctions among the Caribbean people, the evolution of the Caribbean towards the abolition of slavery gave birth to an innovative poetic voice, one which emerged as a spokesperson chronicling the debacle of the slave trade and the slave experience: Was there no mercy, mother of the slave! No friendly hand to succor and to save, While commerce thus thy captive tribes oppressd, And lowering vengeance lingerd oer the west? Yes, Africa! Beneath the strangers rodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦From isle to isle the welcome tidings ran; The slave that heard them started into man: Like Peter, sleeping in his chains, he lay, The angel came, his night was turnd to day; Arise! his fetters fell, his slumbers flee; He wakes to life, he springs to liberty. (Montgomery [1807], 1-5, 76-77). This poetic voice also interwove the African oral tradition into the fabric of the European poetic form, creating a new composite form which, for the first time, attempted to bridge the gap between the Standard English language and the language of the slaves. In his pioneer attempt, Moretons Ballad (1790) is an example of this: Altho a slave me is born and bred, / My skin is black, not yellow: (Burnett, 112). With this initial foray into the experimental Creole art form, the fact that poets of Caucasian descent were willing to both pen and publish poems in this native dialect spoke loudly to the impending communal focus of poetry in the Caribbean isles, and by extension, the duality of distinct peoples writing for the same purpose: to record a shared history and to give a unique voice to Caribbean literary works. That is not to say that all poems written in this time period were imbued with a humane outlook on the Africans. Many poets who were members of the privileged class ventured into this field, using the local vernacular in their scribal works, however the intent of poets such as Cordle and Mc Turk was a humorous depiction of the everyday life of the African in an attempt to appease the target audience which was still predominantly European. A prime example of Mc Turks use of the vernacular to poke fun at the African people can be seen in his poem, Query (1899): Da Backra one fo go a hebben? / Da Backra one fo raise like lebben? / Da wa a-we po Negah do? / Make a-we no fo raise up too? (13). It may be noted however, that poets such as Mac Dermot, whose work displayed a Tennysonian sound and feel, as was inevitable due to continued reliance on European form, in Cuba (1950s), showed the redemptive power of Caribbean unity: But we like lovers twain / Are one in joy and pain, (132). The poets and poems of this era depicted, in essence, informative social history documents, however their depiction did not negate the fact that, inevitably, two distinct histories were being interwoven through the medium of the poetry which was written. Without openly acknowledging the fact, the poets became a part of the discourse of history that they shared with historians and travel writers (Baugh, 230). The veer towards the vernacular in poetry which still embodied European forms, and also now American forms in the writing, was extremely valuable as a reflection of social realities which no longer distinguished between the people who populated the Caribbean islands, but rather reflected the shared nature of the their heritage. This fact became more noticeable as the Caribbean and its people continued to evolve. The turn of the century was earmarked by poets such as Claude Mc Kay and Una Marson, whose poetic content highlighted the didactic shift towards a focus on black consciou sness and, in Marsons work, a predominantly feminist interpretation of the social relations of the era. Although his later works were penned entirely in Standard English and exhibited the lineage of Milton and Wordsworth, the protest sonnets of Mc Kay, such as If We Must Die reflected both the black United States American situation and the Caribbean situation of the time; the racial theme is engaged poignantly, connecting the Black diaspora and speaking for the Black community generally, rather than singularly from the Caribbean perspective: If we must die, O let us nobly die, / So that our precious blood may not be shed / In vain; then even the monsters we defy / Shall be constrained to honour us, though dead! (Burnett, 144). If one examines Mc Kays Creole poetry, there is, in contrast to earlier works by Cordle and Mc Turk in which the African man was patronized, a definitive consciousness of the black people: I born right don beneat de clack / (You ugly brute, you tun you back?) / Don tink dat Im a come-aroun / I born right way in panish Town. (Brown, 7). The new female consciousness presented by Marson was also linked to black awareness on a holistic level. This black awareness fuses with class consciousness in Marsons simple diction and syntax, while her rhyme draws heavily from the Blues tradition of the American poetic form: I like me black face / And me kinky hair. / I like me black face / And me kinky hair. / But nobody leves dem, / I jes dont tink its fair. (Burnett, 158). What was seen to emerge was poets working conjointly to produce a new West Indian poetic tradition. Thematically the poets wrote in the context of the changing sociopolitical consciousness, exhibiting a new level of seriousness, characterized by a nationalistic slant, an exploration of the social realities of the time, and profoundly proclaiming a search for a shared Caribbean identity. The poems which grew out of the early to mid-twentieth century gave more attention to the search for a unique voice and although typified by derivations from the modern English and American poets of the time, for example, Auden, Eliot and Pound, there was a decided split from the European tradition. Nowhere does this split show itself to be more evident than in the secular works of Louise Bennett. Written entirely in the Jamaican Creole, Bennetts work legitimized the Creole in a way that no-one elses had as yet. Employing the primarily dramatic monologue, interspersed intermittently with the short narrative form, and with heavy reliance on the oral traditions, Bennett engages the reader vicariously in the grassroots wisdom of her personae. Her sharply probing yet objective eye exposes the naÃÆ' ¯vetà © of the Caribbean people. Her tone which is sometimes chastising, is at all times, even in the midst of her reliance on comedy as a medium of exposition, satirical as she figuratively holds up a mirror to societys foibles. Her ideas dwell on the peoples articulation of self and their place in the history of the Caribbean. Distinguishing identity becomes an inevitable condition as the people define themselves. In her works, for example, Colonization in Reverse, the reader can see how Bennett acts as a reporter and commentator on an event of both historical significance and psychological interest to the Caribbean people the exodus of Caribbean nationals to England during the post-war period: Wat a joyful news, Miss Mattie, I feel like me heart gwine burs Jamaica people colonizing Englan in reverseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Oonoo see how life is funny, Oonoo see de tunabout? Jamaica live fe box bread Out a English people moutà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Brown, 32). The delivery is characterized by a high degree of verbal and gestural expressiveness however the irony and counter-irony of the situation chronicle the poem. The dialect which is used as the medium of delivery serves mainly to highlight the unfolding drama of West Indian consciousness as the speaker debates the issue of a counter-colonization of England, and the West Indian nationals search for an identifiable history. To many of the West Indian poets such as Bennett, the tradition of English poetic form which was inherited as a part of our colonial history became progressively constrained and oppressive as the islands and their people moved towards self-realization. The need for a Caribbean poetry which encapsulated the essence of the Caribbean peoples shared history and drive towards progress and self-actualiaztion became the fore-runner of thematic influence for the poets topics. The desire for a poetry which spoke of, to and for West Indians was begun by poets like Bennett and realized in poets such as Derek Walcott and (Edward) Kamau Brathwaite. Their poems expressed a possibility for the creation of a new Caribbean world differentiated by its very divergence from Europe and America. Walcotts vision essentially delineates the social realities which have to be transformed in order for a new world vision to transcend into reality. His poetry reinvented the Caribbean landscape through the languag e which defined the qualities of the Caribbean life and people. The vision, which was also influenced by the plight of the Middle Passage extends to all races that comprised the Caribbean. Walcotts poetry did not highlight distinctions among the people, rather when he speaks of race he refers to all Caribbean people, and this vision further extends to embrace all human suffering and the need for survival. The Native Americans tragedy served only to deepen his concern for the Black diaspora, his outrage and lament not singularly focused on the Cherokee Trail of Tears nor the Gulag Archipelago, but a lament for the injustice of all systems of abuse and slavery which prioritized the financial gain of the enterprise above the inhumanities inflicted on the individual. Walcotts poetry can be said to subsume the whole history of grief inherited by the Caribbean people. History itself, for him, becomes a centrally comprehensive theme, such that the gnarled, sea-almond trees on any Atlantic- facing Caribbean coast represent for the poet the resiliency of the people, their capacity to endure, and to build a culture out of a common catastrophe: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦their leaves broad dialect a coarse, / enduring sound / they shared together. (Walcott, 23). Brathwaite shared Walcotts vision as he clearly established [a] single-minded pursuit of an alternative tradition for West Indian poetry. He grounded it in the retrieval and recognition of African cultures and of communal knowledge lost or submerged in the Middle Passageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Baugh, 255): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦memories trunked up in a dark attic, he stumps up the stares of our windows, he stares, stares he squats on the tips of our language black burr of conundrums eye corner of ghosts, ancient his- tories; (Brathwaite, 165). For Brathwaite, his poetry utilizes black musical expressions from both sides of the Atlantic and combines them with black vernacular and Standard English to re-enact or evoke significant moments of Black experience. His goal may be seen as to renew a sense of community and shared purpose among the dispersed African peoples. Brathwaites poems are simultaneously a lament and a celebration of the black diaspora, his heroes and speakers composites of all the changing faces and voices of the new Caribbean. Renewal and community emerge as the desired home out of a legacy of exile and fragmented identity. For both Walcott and Brathwaite, their representations of contemporary society resound with the understanding of the colonial legacy bequeathed to the Caribbean people. The latter half of the Twentieth Century heralded the emergence of yet another poetic voice. This voice was that of the West Indian feminist who sought to establish the importance of the contribution of the female figure in the West Indian community. Poets such as Merle Collins and Lorna Goodison spoke out forthrightly against male-dominated power structures and engaged questions of the womans role in issues of history, class and race. Goodisons poetry for example resonates with a deep sense of history, generates a sense of creativity and focuses on the multi-dimensional roles of women in the society, sharing with Brathwaite and Walcott that vibrant sense of identity evident in her works which characteristically display Caribbean and African-American people music within a social and native consciousness that this type of music includes: Mother, there is the stone on the hearts of some women and men something like an onyx, cabochon-cut, which hung on the wearer seeds bad dreams. Speaking for the small dreamers of this earth, plagued with nightmares, yearning for healing dreams we want the stone to move. (Goodison, 4). Poems such as this encapsulate the breadth of the female form, claiming the womans place as the cultural regenerator of the people. Also extending the range of artistic use of the oral tradition into the current century, infusing it with the urgency of new, deprived generations and speaking the language of the street, the poetry of poets such as Linton Kwesi Johnson gained new popularity as dub poetry, a poetry which could trace its lineage to the oral inventiveness of the tenement yards and ghettos. However, although the poetry is at times interspersed with impressions of violence, it affirms the deep cultural significance and identification of the Caribbean people with social protest: dem is awftin decried an denied dem is awftin ridiculed an doungraded dem is sometimes kangratulated an celebrated dem is sometimes suprised an elated but as yu mite have already guess dem is awftin foun wantin more or less dus spoke di wizen wans af ole dis is a story nevvah told (Brown, 274). The writers explored here are not all of one and the same generation. Nonetheless they identify in crucial ways the Caribbeans origins; their sense of location is creatively problematic and their postcolonial sensibility appears uneasily chronicled. However the idea of a divided immigrant to the Caribbean does not hold true. Rather, one can literally trace the development of the Caribbean, and its continuing development, through the voice which these poets give to their works of art. There is a specially defined relationship of the Caribbean national to his home and identity, however multi-faceted it may appear to be. His colonial redefinition is still incomplete but the process, however delayed, is inevitable. Poets of the West Indies, through their thematic content, their use of language, their adaptation of form and their ability to acquire a target audience which was, in effect, a locally appreciative entourage, all shared in the singular rhetoric which captured the shared experi ence of the Caribbean people and gave to the islands a unique form of identity. As Eric Roach notes in his poem Love Over-grows a Rock (1992), the hope for the Caribbean peoples future lies summarily in transcending insularity through a shared regional identity and dream: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦So, from my private hillock / In Atlantic I join cry: / Come, seine the archipelago; / Disdain the sea; gather the islands hills / Into the blue horizons of our love. (Rohlehr, 284).

Macbeths Upright Banquo :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Upright Banquo       There are some good military men in William Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth. One of them is Banquo, a fearless captain, like Macbeth, who helped rout the "Norweyan banners."    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare comment that Banquo is a force of good in the play, set in opposition to Macbeth:    Banquo, the loyal soldier, praying for restraint against evil thoughts which enter his mind as they had entered Macbeth's, but which work no evil there, is set over against Macbeth, as virtue is set over against disloyalty.   (792)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye explains the rationale behind Banquo's ghost in this play:    Except for the episode of Hercules leaving Antony, where mysterious music is heard again, there is nothing really supernatural in Shakespeare's tragedies that is not connected with the murder of the order-figures. In Macbeth we have Banquo's ghost instead of Duncan's, partly because of the emphasis on the repose that Duncan has gained by getting murdered, and partly because the line of the reigning monarch descends from Banquo. (24)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson says that the ghost of murdered Banquo has the greatest emotional impact on Macbeth of any adverse experience:    He is confident enough, even after the commission of the crime, to put his faith in the Senecan maxim, per scelera semper sceleribus tutum est iter, "Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." After he has been shaken by the appearance of the ghost of Banquo, he reflects,    For mine own good All causes must give way. I am in blood Stepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er;    and this is as near as he ever comes to repentance. (71)    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" contests the opinion that the ghost of Banquo is seen at the same time by Lady Macbeth:      Taking the view I do of Lay Macbeth's character, I cannot accept the idea (held, I believe, by her great representative, Mrs. Siddons) that in the banquet scene the ghost of Banquo, which appears to Macbeth, is seen at the same time by his wife, but that, in consequence of her greater command over herself, she not only exhibits no sign of perceiving the apparition, but can, with its hideous form and gesture within a few fee of her, rail at Macbeth in that language of scathing irony . Macbeth's Upright Banquo :: Macbeth essays Macbeth's Upright Banquo       There are some good military men in William Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth. One of them is Banquo, a fearless captain, like Macbeth, who helped rout the "Norweyan banners."    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare comment that Banquo is a force of good in the play, set in opposition to Macbeth:    Banquo, the loyal soldier, praying for restraint against evil thoughts which enter his mind as they had entered Macbeth's, but which work no evil there, is set over against Macbeth, as virtue is set over against disloyalty.   (792)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye explains the rationale behind Banquo's ghost in this play:    Except for the episode of Hercules leaving Antony, where mysterious music is heard again, there is nothing really supernatural in Shakespeare's tragedies that is not connected with the murder of the order-figures. In Macbeth we have Banquo's ghost instead of Duncan's, partly because of the emphasis on the repose that Duncan has gained by getting murdered, and partly because the line of the reigning monarch descends from Banquo. (24)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson says that the ghost of murdered Banquo has the greatest emotional impact on Macbeth of any adverse experience:    He is confident enough, even after the commission of the crime, to put his faith in the Senecan maxim, per scelera semper sceleribus tutum est iter, "Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." After he has been shaken by the appearance of the ghost of Banquo, he reflects,    For mine own good All causes must give way. I am in blood Stepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er;    and this is as near as he ever comes to repentance. (71)    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" contests the opinion that the ghost of Banquo is seen at the same time by Lady Macbeth:      Taking the view I do of Lay Macbeth's character, I cannot accept the idea (held, I believe, by her great representative, Mrs. Siddons) that in the banquet scene the ghost of Banquo, which appears to Macbeth, is seen at the same time by his wife, but that, in consequence of her greater command over herself, she not only exhibits no sign of perceiving the apparition, but can, with its hideous form and gesture within a few fee of her, rail at Macbeth in that language of scathing irony .

The Glass Ceiling for Women in the Workforce Essay -- Glass Ceiling, w

In America many groups have fought hard to gain equality in treatment, rights, and everyday living standards. Women are included amongst these groups. At one point in history women were not allowed to vote or carry the same positions as men in work. Due to amendments and affirmative action these hindrances for women have been abolished. What still remains to day is the inner struggle within jobs also known as glass ceilings? Glass ceilings are daily obstacles for most women in their jobs every day. As country of equal opportunity should we Americans continue to fight for more equality or accept the situation and be grateful for the change that has already come into place? What exactly is a glass ceiling and how were these ceilings put up in the first place? A glass ceiling defined by Webster is â€Å"an intangible barrier within the hierarchy of a company that prevents women from obtaining upper level positions† (Miriam - Webster’s†¦ 1). The first big controversy was that women were not being hired for positions offered to men. Women were expected to be homemakers, nurses, or teachers. Men argued that women were not educated enough. But due to affirmative action this changed too. Women were allowed and admitted to Universities. By bettering their educations they became more qualified for business positions. Working in corporate offices or as doctors was still an unheard of idea. Through much fighting this too changed and women were hired whether by choice of the employer or by new state regulations women were hired. Now that there is equality within the work field women are complaining about salaries or rates of pay. Wome n who are equally qualified for positions if not more qualified for positions are being p... ...e our children to be and expect more than we did, and teach them to live life as a person and not as a gender role. By the time they reach adulthood glass ceilings will fall. Why because girls would have been taught that they are equally capable and that equality is what is right. Works Cited Su, Sophia. Glass Ceilings: The Working Woman’s Guide to Overcome Them. 2002. Jobstreet, 1 Aug. 2002, Mapping Out a System to Shatter Glass Ceilings and Glass Walls. 2000. Advancing Women, 1 Aug. 2002, Miriam. Webster. Miriam – Webster’s Collegiate Dictinary. 1984. 1 Aug. 2002. Marger, Martin N. Social Inequalities: patterns and processes. 2nd ed. Michigan : Lansing, 1999.

Broken Lives by Estelle Blackburn :: Character Analysis, Literary Analysis

The fourth Chapter of Estella Blackburn’s non fiction novel Broken lives â€Å"A Fathers Influence†, exposes readers to Eric Edgar Cooke and John Button’s time of adolescence. The chapter juxtaposes the two main characters too provide the reader with character analyses so later they may make judgment on the verdict. The chapter includes accounts of the crimes and punishments that Cooke contended with from 1948 to 1958. Cooke’s psychiatric assessment that he received during one of his first convictions and his life after conviction, marring Sally Lavin. It also exposes John Button’s crime of truancy, and his move from the UK to Australia. The chapter â€Å"A Fathers Influence† is constructed with several techniques including selection of detail, choice of language, characterization, structure and writers point of view to reveal Blackburn’s values of social acceptance, parenting, family love, and a father’s influence. Consequently revealing her attitude that a child’s upbringing and there parents influence alter the characterization of a child significantly. Blackburn’s choice of language is impetrative in positioning the reader to see Button as the Protagonist and Cooke as the antagonist. â€Å"The thirteen year old blinked and stammered when he tried to answer the magistrate’s questions about why he was wagging school†. The words â€Å"blinked and stammered† describing buttons actions encourage sympathy and an imagery of innocence. â€Å"But now he felt vengeful too. He wanted to spoil things a little for those happy people who didn’t suffer like he did†, the words â€Å"vengeful, and wanted to spoil† associated with Cooke’s thoughts, encourage a menacing, and revengeful imagery of Cooke.

Comparison of Traditional and Contemporaryâ€the Music in China

Traditional Chinese music, generally speaking, is Chinese folk music. China is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural nation and music plays a significant role in the revolution of Chinese culture. The traditional music, passing through thousands of years of development, still maintains it's unique characters and brought about a series of massive effects on contemporary music as well. In this day and age, music in China, mixed various elements which including classical and modern, from western and traditional music that has enriched the contemporary music, making it more colourful and charming.Therefore, the comparison between traditional and contemporary music has always been a popular topic. This essay will demonstrate and compare the differences and similarities between them from a general point of view. Initially, both traditional and contemporary Chinese music share a common root which is originally form folk music. Apparently, the majority of contemporary Chinese style music is based on folk music which is the same as the tradition music and we can still find the shadow of the folk tunes in both of them.Music is cathartic and has been seen as a way in which to release human emotion, similarly whether from the past or present, the original idea of producing music all concentrates on expressing the emotions of individuals. Moreover, while playing a piece of music, both in contemporary or traditional ways, more than two different kinds of instruments are tended to be used , which often consists of orchestral instruments and percussion. Apart from these similarities mentioned above, there are a myriad of differences between traditional and contemporary music.One of the main ways in which they differ is in the expression of music. Traditional music uses traditional instruments, such as the erhu, the pipa, the Chinese zither and the sona. Conversely, contemporary Chinese music makes more use of the guitar, drums and keyboard, which belong to the typical western instru ments, and it has been stated play an essential role in conveying popular music. Furthermore, the gamut, in ancient China, of music is quite limited, which merely has Do, Re, Mi, So, La, these five different tunes without Fa and Ti.In contrast, this is not a weakness of contemporary music which has a wide range of musical notes and there will be an increasing amount of music created by using and mixing this infinitive musical range. The other way in which traditional music contrast with contemporary music is the difference in connotation. Admittedly, traditional music expresses abundant emotions of individuals which is similar to contemporary music. Traditional Chinese music, notwithstanding, frequently focuses on displaying a sensibility of endearing eudemonia, take happy lives and sweet love for instance.Unlike contemporary music, which not only considers happiness, but reflects dissatisfaction with politics as well as complaining about some defective social phenomenons. Additiona lly, it is not hard to identify that the style of traditional music is always soft and elegant, a tranquil atmosphere was often formed by the beautiful tunes. Nowadays, whereas, Rock music, R&B, Rap these kinds of stylish type of music has became the main trend in the music stage and been accepted and recognized by a growing number of people all over the nation.In summary, traditional and contemporary music both possess their own features, it's hard to say which of them provides better entertainment and different people may give different answers. From my stance, Chinese contemporary music should include more ethnic characteristics, while traditional music could be more stylish, and vice versa. They should develop themselves by overcoming their own shortcomings through learning form others' strong points. As a result, Chinese music, in that case, will ultimately bloom out a dazzling brilliance shining over the world stage.

Cultural adaptation and cultural change Essay

Culture is the set of all society’s spiritual, emotional, material and intellectual features of a social group or a whole society. It incorporates lifestyles, literature, traditions, value systems and beliefs with which the people from a certain society or even a group should follow. Individuals are made to respect their culture as a tool towards safeguarding it. Generally therefore, culture can affect one’s behavior both positively and negatively when individuals seek to adhere to the ways and authorities of their culture. Societal culture is an important tool towards shaping the people’s behavior. It provides norms, values, and traditions with which the people are supposed to adhere to in order to be in harmony with the societal rules, regulations and foundations. The cultural diversity within a society therefore seeks to provide respect on the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Through culture, the society is provided with a harmonious system through which they can interact with one another through various social integrations. Therefore, culture constrains our behavior when its promulgations require us to go by its standards. The personal feeling about a certain behavioral conception is dictated and shaped by the cultural dictations which require them to abide by these cultural dispensations. This is to say that, the people’s behavior within a society is constrained towards a certain behavioral conception by the requirements and dictates of their culture. (Lee, 1999) The role posited on the cultural constrain towards shaping our behavior can be argued diversely about its authenticity. At one level, it is good and recommendable since it helps in shaping and restoring the people’s behavior towards conceptions that are acceptable within a specific society. However, a counteractive argument can be placed on the negative implications allied to the cultural constrains in the societal behavior. By and large, the overall effect of this constrain is that it is wrong and a bad conception that is aimed at pulling the people behavior towards specific societal expectations. These expectations may be illogical to the changing societal structures. Behavioral constrain by culture has only acted to limit the people behavior towards a global behavioral change which would be a requisite to the requirements of societal change. This has therefore led to dogmatic scores and backwardness in behavioral expectations from such people who lack adequately borrowed behavior from the changing course of the global imagery from the effects of their society’s cultural dictates and authorities. Some major cultural dispensations are far below the scale that promotes a projected individual development since they are shaped and governed by traditional societal scores. (Lee, 1999) However, cultural change would perhaps be the most eminent tool towards governing strong behavioral changes. Cultural change can only be possible through cultural integration. This is the process with which different cultural groups come together to exchange their cultural imageries. Different cultures are intermingled through exchange and concept borrowing to bring up cultural diversity. A diversified culture is that which incorporates various cultural scores in its regulations and abandon specific cultural dispensations which could be underscored by traditionalism and dogmatic backwardness. Consequently, through cultural integration, people come to learn about new cultural systems embodied by other groups which bring more realistic sense towards modeling the societal behavior above its growth. Perhaps, cultural integration is what has rooted out various traditional cultures through models of westernization. Cultural diversity therefore opens more practical cultural developments that concur with the change in societal structures. Reference Lee, C (1999) The Complex Whole: Culture and Evolution of Human Behavior. West View Press

Five challenges of human resource manager Essay

1.2. Finding and Retaining Talent Human resource is an important resource of a company as important as capital. It could be pivotal for a company in enhancing the company’s competitive advantage. This is because the most challenging task of human resource manager is to retain recruit and the right people for a suitable position and having such people in the time they need it. Hiring of appropriate personnel is one of the key determinations in making the company difference from others. In current environment, the talent that needed by the company is limited even the labour available is usually more than the position available in the market. This make the human resource faced with challenges as they are indirectly competing with other companies’ human resource in  order to attract and retain the talent in their company. To stay outstanding from other companies, it is depending on the ability of the human resource to continuously finding new ways to maximize the level of talent in their company especially the knowledge-centric companies. But, such task is not easy to accomplish in the current competitive market. Besides that, retaining existing talent is also one of the challenging tasks for human resource manager. Again, due to the increase in competitiveness of the market, some companies may offer better benefits for the employees that they wish to hire in order to attract those employees to quit their current job and work for the new company. Hence, the human resource manager needs to put effort and find new creative ways in order to retain talent in their companies. To solve such challenges mentioned above, the human resource manager may offer a custom-made or more liberalized system that less restricted the employees. For example, decentralized the company so that those employees are empowered and allowed to give suggestion and made decisions which in turns made them feel they are appreciated by the company; add creativity to their job design so that they feel motivated to come across different challenges; offering additional benefits such bonus or voucher that is out of their expectation; providing them better working conditions by designing a healthy entertainment area (such as gym) for employees to relax themselves; and others. 1.3. Change Management One of the functions of human resource is to improve the position of business or to assist the business to achieve certain improvement. In order to carry out the improvement activities which conducted to adapt with the changing business environment, certain changes may be made to the corporation, especially technology changes. In managing such changes, the employees may resist to change as they are afraid that their responsibilities and their positions will be replaced by the new technology that is introduced into the company where such new technology may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of work. Hence, the role of human resource manager is to deal with this resistance issue. However, it is not easy to change people mind. This issue has becoming one of the biggest challenges face by the human resource manager. To reduce or overcome this issue, before the corporation implement any new changes, the human resource manager shall communicate to  the employees to explain the reasons to change and benefits that could gain through the change as well as the constrains so that the employees may have proper mental and physical preparation before they approach to the changes in the corporation. Besides that, the human resource manager may also emphasize that the technology will only assist rather than replace the employees to eliminate employees’ anxiety in facing with the changes. And, at the same time appreciate the employees so that the employees know their worth to the corporation which helps increase their sense of security of their positions. 1.4. Investigating Employee Complaints In a working environment, some frictions may occur between the employees and supervisors, which resulting in employees’ complaints. This is because the supervisor always being over-confidence with their management style that they didn’t realize that it had affected the employees. And, certain employees also do not realize own problems but always assumed the problem is come from the supervisor. The Human Resource Department is responsible to handling such conflict and employees’ complaints. They need to investigate the reasons behind the complaint and find the best solution to the problem. However, it is not easy to solve the conflict as those significant complaints usually come when it reach a critical situation. Human resource manager tends to end up coaching both sides without giving a solution due to lacking of experience or knowledge on how to deal with conflicts. In fact, improvement comes after conflict being solved. However, handling employees in the best possible way is a big challenge for the human resource manager. To solve this challenge, the human resource manager may attend certain training regarding human resource management on how to deal with conflicts in the companies. They also need to be neutral in handling the complaints, but not only listen to one party word. They should not only comfort, but to communicate with the related party regarding the problem, so that the problem may solve rather than only curb in order to prevent it happened again. 1.5. Relationship Management Human resource department is a place for employees to voice out their  concerns. Hence, human resource manager is responsible to communicate with the employees to deal with any problems or issues raised and at the same time ensuring employees’ human right is protected. To carry out these tasks effectively, human resource manager is encouraged to maintain neutral relationship with the employees to avoid discrimination, bias or unfair treatment being given to different employees. However, this had becoming a big challenge for the human resource manager because as a human being, it is not easy to remain unswervingly when a great concern, which might affecting him or someone he care, has approach to him. A good relationship management may comfort the employees and increase employees’ trust and loyalty towards the company; while a poor relationship management may fail to solve the issues raised and demotivate the employees. To improve such relationship management skill of the human resource manager, training regarding relationship management may provide to the manager so that he place the organization benefits as the priority. The human resource manager should also listen to the employees concern first without prejudice to ensure fair treatment will be given to the employees. Besides that, communication is a main element in relationship management where effective communication builds trust while poor communication causes uncertainty. Hence, the human resource manager shall improve his communication skills in order to maintain proper relationship with the employees. 1.6. Managing Cultural Diversity Managing diversity is a significant challenge that most companies do not recognized or realized. It is actually important and need to pay attention on due to the globalization that resulting in internationalization nowadays. In today environment, the labor involving many people from different cultures and this including those that come from different countries, possessed different education background, working experiences, religious beliefs, different maturity of thinking level and perception, abilities and talent, etc. The challenges of human resource manager are to manage such cultural diversity and ensuring the people can work and cooperate together harmoniously. Human resource manager also need to revise the corporate culture to ensure that it appropriate to all individuals according to different cultural sensitivity. However, the more the employees from  different cultures being hired, the more difficult the human resource manager to reconcile everything in order to comfort everyone in the company. To resolve this challenge, the human resource manager needs to maintain a good relationship with all employees. He shall understand every culture well and always communicate with the employees so that he can solve any problem raised as soon as possible before the problem being expanded and causing un-retrievable situations. 2.0. REFERENCES Human Resource Management Challenges. Villanova University. Retrieved from: http://www.villanovau.com/human-resource-management-challenges/. Accessed date: 17/6/2014 Challenges Faced by Human Resource Managers Because of Technical Changes . Jeremy C Bradley, Demand Media. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/challenges-faced-human-resource-managers-because-technical-changes-61058.html. Accessed date: 17/6/2014 Major Challenges Affecting a Human Resources Manager. Jeremy C Bradley, Demand Media. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/major-challenges-affecting-human-resources-manager-57675.html. Accessed date: 17/6/2014 Facing Modern HR Challenges Head-On. N Nayab, Michele McDonough. Retrieved from: http://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/83254.aspx. Accessed Date: 21/6/2014 Major Challenges Affecting a Human Resource Manager. Ralph Heibutzi, Demand Media. Retrieved from: http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/major-challenges-affecting-human-resource-ma nager-29113.html. Accessed Date: 21/6/2014

Traveling by Plane and by Train

Traveling by plane and by train When traveling over states or over countries there are three main ways of doing so, a flight, a train ride, or driving yourself. I guess you could walk or run but, I'm talking about cross country travel. There are expensive and inexpensive ways of travel, some fast, some slow, most fun, others boring. In the developed countries, traveling by trains and traveling by planes are more popular than other transportations because they are convenient. However, traveling by train also has some differences from traveling by planes in some aspects: speed, cost and comfort.The fastest way of travel would be by plane, if time is a major issue. A flight can also be easier to schedule, there are hundreds of flights leaving every half-hour, in every direction to and from almost every airport in the world. For example if you choose a plane to go to San Francisco from Sea-Tac, it takes two hours to get there. In contrast, it would take a couple of days to go a cross cou ntry by train. If you choose a train from Seattle to San Francisco it takes almost twenty-two hours to arrive there.Also trains are slow, sometimes even slower than a car. So trains are not a good choice when timing is an issue. Moreover, it is harder to schedule for riding a train, because trains are not available any hour you want them, for instance if you choose a train to go to Vancouver the train are available on specific times, early in the morning (about 8. 30 AM), in the afternoon (about 3. 25 PM) and at night (about 7. 40 PM). The down fall is that a flight is also the most expensive way to travel.A flight from California to New York (round trip) could cost anywhere from $500. 00 to $2,500. 00+, depending on which class (or section) you purchase your ticket for. On most commercial planes there are three sections of seating, and where you sit depends on what you are willing to pay. The best section is first class; which is very luxurious. This is the most expensive section t o sit in. It has more leg room, larger and softer chairs, better service, and hand prepared meals instead of the processed food the rest of the plane gets.Next is coach or business class; which is the middle section, it is somewhat luxurious. You get some leg room, descent service but, you still get processed food. For anyone who wants real food better spend a little extra money and fly first class. At the back of the plane you will find the economy class; which is one of the cheaper ways to fly. The service is not great, the leg room is non-existent, and you are one of the last people to get off of the plane when it lands.So, you are one of the last ones to get to the baggage claim, by the time you get there either your bags have passed by, or you are stuck behind thirty people who have no clue about what they are supposed to do, so it takes you that much longer to retrieve your bags. On the other hand, when you travel by train on a cross country trip you would have sleeping quarte rs; which would have a bed and bathrooms for yourself. During the ride you could stay in your room or roam around to the different cars; which have various uses.Traveling by train can be very relaxing because you can sit by a window while having a meal or snack and enjoy the view of the countryside, or engage in conversation with another passenger at the bar while having a drink. You can enjoy your trip with a very cheaper deal. Traveling by trains and by planes both have advantage and disadvantages. If we just want to save money, we will travel by train; but if we want to save time, we will turn to the plane. It is up to yourself to choose the right one by keeping comfort, cost and timing all in your mind.